山西地区远震P波到时残差分布     

石磊  李凤  刘静  韩文英 《地震地磁观测与研究》2018,40(1):43-47

收集2008-2016年山西地震台网记录的震中距30°-90°范围内1 253个远震事件波形，拾取7 600余条高质量P波初至到时，使用IASP91模型计算相对到时残差，分析残差水平分布特征，结果显示：①以山西地区中部的山西断裂带为界，西部地震台站记录的P波初至主要表现为早到时，东部位于大同火山区的地震台站记录则主要表现为晚到时；②位于山西断裂带内部的地震台站记录的P波初至主要表现为早到时，残差水平显著低于西部地震台站；③研究区P波到时整体呈现自西向东逐渐由早到晚的分布特征。推测山西断裂带西部地区下方可能存在高速异常结构，山西断裂带内部及大同火山区下方可能存在低速异常结构。  相似文献   

Characteristics of breaking irregular wave forces on a monopile     

《Applied Ocean Research》2019

The substructures of offshore wind turbines are subjected to extreme breaking irregular wave forces. The present study is focused on investigating breaking irregular wave forces on a monopile using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) based numerical model. The breaking irregular wave forces on a monopile mounted on a slope are investigated with a numerical wave tank. The experimental and numerical irregular free surface elevations are compared in the frequency-domain for the different locations in the vicinity of the cylinder. A numerical analysis is performed for different wave steepness cases to understand the influence of wave steepness on the breaking irregular wave loads. The wave height transformation and energy level evolution during the wave shoaling and wave breaking processes is investigated. The higher-frequency components generated during the wave breaking process are observed to play a significant role in initiating the secondary force peaks. The free surface elevation skewness and spectral bandwidth during the wave transformation process are analysed and an investigation is performed to establish a correlation of these parameters with the breaking irregular wave forces. The role of the horizontal wave-induced water particle velocity at the free surface and free surface pressure in determining the breaking wave loads is highlighted. The higher-frequency components in the velocity and pressure spectrum are observed to be significant in influencing the secondary peaks in the breaking wave force spectrum.  相似文献   

An extreme wave event in eastern Yucatán,Mexico: Evidence of a palaeotsunami event during the Mayan times     

Javier Lario  Chris Spencer  Teresa Bardají  Ángel Marchante  Victor H. Garduño-monroy  Jorge Macias  Sergio Ortega 《Sedimentology》2020,67(3):1481-1504

The Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico, has typically been considered a tectonically stable region with little significant seismic activity. The region though, is one that is regularly affected by hurricanes. A detailed survey of ca 100 km of the eastern Yucatán and Cozumel coast identified the presence of ridges containing individual boulders measuring >1 m in length. The boulder ridges reach 5 m in height and their origin is associated with extreme wave event activity. Previously modelled tsunami waves from known seismically active zones in the region (Muertos Thrust Belt and South Caribbean Deformed Belt) are not of sufficient scale in the area of the Yucatán Peninsula to have produced the boulder ridges recorded in this study. The occurrence of hurricanes in this region is more common, but two of the most destructive (Hurricane Gilbert 1988 and Hurricane Wilma 2005) produced coastal waves too small to have created the ridges recorded here. In this paper, a new tsunami model with a source area located on the Motagua/Swan Island Fault System has been generated that indicates a tsunami event may have caused the extreme wave events that resulted in the deposition of the boulder ridges.  相似文献   

点吸收式波浪能俘获装置结构优化方法研究     

王鑫  李大鸣  王兵振  韩林生 《海洋与湖沼》2020,51(2):293-297

根据布设海域波浪能资源特征,对点吸收式波浪能装置结构进行优化,可有效提高装置的能量俘获效率。本文以威海褚岛北部海域为装置布设目标海域,在对该海域波浪资源特征进行统计分析的基础上,计算得到装置的直径,同时利用数值软件计算出多组工况下点吸收装置吃水深度和装置固有周期的对应关系,并利用统计学方法得出装置固有周期随吃水深度的变化规律,进而分析得出装置在该海域的最佳设计吃水深度,为点吸收波浪能装置结构优化设计提供了新的思路。该方法对于其他技术类型波浪能装置的结构优化设计同样具有借鉴意义。  相似文献   

我国海洋动力灾害研究进展与展望   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

侯一筠  尹宝树  管长龙  郭明克  刘桂梅  胡珀 《海洋与湖沼》2020,51(4):759-767

海洋动力灾害(包括灾害性海浪、风暴潮、海冰、海啸等)是对我国沿海地区造成破坏和损失最大的自然灾害之一。开展海洋动力灾害研究具有重要意义和迫切的国家需求。本文回顾我国建国以来在海洋动力灾害研究方向的主要进展,重点针对近年来我国在海洋动力灾害数值模拟预报以及灾害风险评估等方面的进展进行综述,并在此基础上提出未来的发展展望,希望给海洋防灾减灾科研工作者提供参考。  相似文献   

强人类活动驱动下珠江磨刀门河口径潮动力的季节性异变特征     

张先毅  杨昊  黄竞争  傅林曦  王恒  刘俊勇  欧素英  刘锋  蔡华阳  杨清书 《海洋与湖沼》2020,51(5):1043-1054

人类活动对河口环境影响巨大,揭示在强人类活动驱动下河口径潮动力非线性相互作用的异变特征,有利于了解人类活动影响河口动力地貌的机制,对河口区水利工程建设及环境保护等具有重要指导意义。基于1960—2016年珠江磨刀门河口沿程潮位站(甘竹、竹银、灯笼山、三灶)的逐月高、低潮位数据及马口水文站的月均流量数据,统计分析了磨刀门河口在强人类活动驱动下月均水位、潮波振幅及其空间梯度(即月均水位坡度和潮波振幅衰减率)的季节性异变特征。结果表明,1990年和2000年为磨刀门河口径潮动力的异变年份, 1990年前为自然演变阶段, 2000年后为恢复调整阶段,1990—2000年为过渡阶段;高强度采砂导致的河床下切使磨刀门河口月均水位及月均水位坡度显著减小,夏季减小幅度最为明显,沿程平均分别减小0.53m和8.93×10~(-6);月均水位坡度减小导致潮波衰减效应减弱,进而使沿程潮波振幅增大,多年平均增大0.071m;磨刀门河口径潮动力相互作用具有明显的季节性差异,夏季月均水位坡度随流量增大在上游抬升明显,冬季月均水位坡度在上游显著减小,但在下游略有抬升;随着流量的增大潮波振幅的衰减作用增强,但当流量超过阈值20000m~3/s时,月均水位坡度引起的底床摩擦增大效应不足以抵消横截面积辐散效应,潮波衰减效应略有减弱。  相似文献   

海岸波浪多次破碎波能耗散模型   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

闫圣  邹志利 《海洋学报》2020,42(9):30-37

在坡度很缓(接近或小于1∶100)的海岸，波浪在向海岸传播的过程中，可能经历多次破碎，而在两次波浪破碎之间将伴随着波浪恢复(波浪恢复到不破碎状态)。在现有海岸波高计算模型中，波浪破碎是通过波能耗散来模拟的，但所采用的波能耗散模型都不能自动考虑波浪出现多次破碎的过程，特别精确模拟这一过程中出现的波浪恢复。本文提出了解决这一问题的新的波能耗散模型，模型的建立是通过在Dally模型中重新建立稳定波能、饱和波高水深比和波能耗散系数，并引入了波浪恢复的判断条件实现的。该模型的波能耗散在波浪恢复区的值很小故能描述波浪恢复区的波浪运动。与实验结果的对比表明，新模型可以适合缓坡情况波浪多次破碎的波高模拟，而且对不同坡度的平坡和沙坝海岸(1∶100～1∶10)的破碎波模拟都可以给出与实验结果符合的结果，并且可以自动识别多次波浪破碎的存在和波浪恢复的发生。  相似文献   

北极薄冰-煎饼冰区域中不同重力波驱动形成海流的敏感性分析     

张雪妍  戴海瑨  赵军  殷何卿 《海洋学报(英文版)》2020,39(3):123-129

A coupled ocean-ice-wave model is used to study ice-edge jet and eddy genesis during surface gravity wave dissipation in a frazil-pancake ice zone. With observational data from the Beaufort Sea, possible wave dissipation processes are evaluated using sensitivity experiments. As wave energy dissipated, energy was transferred into ice floe through radiation stress. Later, energy was in turn transferred into current through ocean-ice interfacial stress. Since most of the wave energy is dissipated at the ice edge, ice-edge jets, which contained strong horizontal shear, appeared both in the ice zone and the ocean. Meanwhile, the wave propagation direction determines the velocity partition in the along-ice-edge and cross-ice-edge directions, which in turn determines the strength of the along-ice-edge jet and cross-ice-edge velocity. The momentum applied in the along-ice-edge(cross-ice-edge)direction increased(decreased) with larger incident angle, which is favorable condition for producing stronger mesoscale eddies, vice versa. The dissipation rate increases(decreases) with larger(smaller) wavenumber, which enhances(reduces) the jet strength and the strength of the mesoscale eddy. The strong along-ice-edge jet may extend to a deep layer(> 200 m). If the water depth is too shallow(e.g., 80 m), the jet may be largely dampened by bottom drag, and no visible mesoscale eddies are found. The results suggest that the bathymetry and incident wavenumber(magnitude and propagation direction) are important for wave-driven current and mesoscale eddy genesis.  相似文献   

Wave Attenuation Performance and the Influencing Factors of A Lower Arc-Plate Breakwater     

LI Xue-yan  WANG Qing  YOU Zai-jin  GUO Wei-jun  ZHANG Jun-bin  ZHAN Chao  ZHANG Zhi-chen  WANG Li-xue  LI Qin 《中国海洋工程》2020,(1):89-98

Comprehensive experimental and numerical studies have been undertaken to investigate wave energy dissipation performance and main influencing factors of a lower arc-plate breakwater. The numerical model, which considers nonlinear interactions between waves and the arc-plate breakwater, has been constructed by using the velocity wave- generating method, the volume of fluid (VOF) method and the finite volume method. The results show that the relative width, relative height and relative submergence of the breakwater are three main influencing factors and have significant influence on wave energy dissipation of the lower arc-plate open breakwater. The transmission coefficient is found to decrease with the increasing relative width, and the minimum transmission coefficient is 0.15 when the relative width is 0.45. The reflection coefficient is found to vary slightly with the relative width, and the maximum reflection coefficient is 0.53 when the relative width is 0.45. The transmission and reflection coefficients are shown to increase with the relative wave height for approximately 85% of the experimental tests when the relative width is 0.19 0.45. The transmission coefficients at relative submergences of 0.04, 0.02 and 0 are clearly shown to be greater than those at relative submergences of 0.02 and 0.04, while the reflection coefficient exhibits the opposite relationship. After the wave interacts with the lower arc-plate breakwater, the wave energy is mainly converted into transmission, reflection and dissipation energies. The wave attenuation performance is clearly weakened for waves with greater heights and longer periods.  相似文献   

短蛸对不同生物饵料利用的比较     

赵捷杰  陈四清  常青  徐大凤  李凤辉  张鹏飞 《海洋科学》2020,44(9):83-90

为比较短蛸（Octopus ocellatus）对不同生物饵料的利用效果，以南美白对虾、肉球近方蟹、菲律宾蛤仔和玉筋鱼四种饵料进行了饲喂实验。结果表明：1）肉球近方蟹组短蛸增重率显著高于其他各组（P<0.05），南美白对虾组脏体比显著高于玉筋鱼组（P<0.05），各饵料组肝体比无显著差异；2）南美白对虾组和肉球近方蟹组短蛸肌肉的蛋白质含量显著高于菲律宾蛤仔组和玉筋鱼组（P<0.05），肉球近方蟹组脂肪含量显著高于其余各组（P<0.05），玉筋鱼组灰分含量显著低于其他各组（P<0.05）；3）南美白对虾组短蛸肝胰腺谷丙转氨酶活性显著高于其余各组（P<0.05），肉球近方蟹组谷草转氨酶活性显著高于其余各组（P<0.05），玉筋鱼组谷氨酸脱氢酶活性显著低于其余各组（P<0.05），菲律宾蛤仔组酸性磷酸酶活性显著高于其余各组（P<0.05），玉筋鱼组胃蛋白酶活性显著高于其他各组（P<0.05）。综上，投喂肉球近方蟹可以显著提高短蛸的增重率；不同饵料对短蛸肌肉的蛋白质、脂肪和灰分含量有影响，对其肝胰腺功能和胃蛋白酶活性也有显著影响。  相似文献